Cambridge IELTS 4 Listening Test 1 Transcript

Cambridge IELTS 4 Listening Test 1 Audioscript/Tapescript with answer keys and explanation

SECTION 1

MAN	Good morning.
WOMAN	Good morning. How can I help you?
MAN	I understand that the school organises … umm, trips to different…
WOMAN	Yes, we run five every month:Example three during weekends and two Wednesday afternoon trips.
MAN	What sort of places?
WOMAN	Well, obviously it varies, but always places of historical interest and also which offer a variety of shopping,Q1 because our students always ask about that… and then we go for ones where we know there are guided tours,Q2 because this gives a good focus for the visit.
MAN	Do you travel far?
WOMAN	Well, we’re lucky here, obviously, because we’re able to say that all our visits are less than three hours drive.
MAN	How much do they cost?
WOMAN	Again it varies – between five and fifteen pounds a head, depending on distance.
MAN	Ah ha…
WOMAN	Oh, and we do offer to arrange special trips if, you know, there are more than twelveQ3 people.
MAN	Oh right, I’ll keep that in mind. And what are the times normally?
WOMAN	We try to keep it pretty fixed so that, that students get to know the pattern. We leave at eight-thirty a.m. and return at six p.m. We figure it’s best to keep the day fairly short.
MAN	Oh yes. And how do we reserve a place?
WOMAN	You sign your name on the notice board.Q4 Do you know where it is?
MAN	Ah ha. I saw it this morning.
WOMAN	And we do ask that you sign up three days in advance so we know we’ve got enough people interested to run it, and we can cancel if necessary, with full refund of course.
MAN	That’s fine, thanks.
MAN	And what visits are planned for this term?
WOMAN	Right, well I’m afraid the schedule hasn’t been printed out yet, but we have confirmed the dates and planned the optional extra visits which you can also book in advance if you want to.
MAN	Oh that’s all right. If you can just give some idea of the weekend ones so I can, you know, work out when to see friends, etcetera.
WOMAN	Oh sure. Well, the first one is St Ives. That’s on the thirteenth of FebruaryQ5 and we’ll have only sixteen places available ‘cos we’re going by minibus. And that’s a day in town with the optional extra of visiting the Hepworth Museum.
MAN	Oh right… yeah… that sounds good.
WOMAN	Then there’s a London trip on the sixteenth of February and we’ll be taking a medium-sized coach so there’ll be forty-five places on that, and, let’s see, the optional extra is the Tower of London.Q6
MAN	Oh, I’ve already been there.
WOMAN	After that there’s BristolQ7 on the third of March.
MAN	Where?
WOMAN	Bristol… B-R-I-S-T-O-L.
MAN	OK….
WOMAN	That’s in a different minibus with eighteen places available, oh, and the optional extra is a visit to the S.S. Great Britain.
MAN	OK…
WOMAN	We’re going to Salisbury on the eighteenth of March and that’s always a popular one because the optional extra is Stonehenge, so we’re taking the large coach with fifty seats…
MAN	Oh good.
WOMAN	And then the last one is to Bath on the twenty-third of March.
MAN	Oh yes. Is Bath the Roman city?
WOMAN	Yes, that’s right, and that’s in the sixteen-seater minibus.
MAN	And where’s the optional visit?
WOMAN	It’s to the American MuseumQ8 – well worth a visit.
MAN	OK, well that’s great, thanks for all that…
WOMAN	My pleasure. By the way, if you want more information about any of the trips, have a look in the student newspaper.Q9
MAN	OK.
WOMAN	Or, have a word with my assistant; her name is Jane YentobQ10 – that’s Y-E-N-T-O-B.
MAN	Right, I’ve got that. Thank you very much for all your help.
WOMAN	You’re very welcome. I hope you enjoy the trips.

SECTION 2

Good afternoon everybody and welcome to Riverside Industrial Village. To start your visit I’m just going to give you a brief account of the history of the museum before letting you roam about on your own. I won’t keep you long. OK?

Now, from where we’re standing you’ve got a good view of the river over there. And it was because of this fast-flowing water that this site was a natural place for manufacturing works. The water and the availability of raw materials in the area, like minerals and iron ore, and also the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firewood,^Q11 all made this site suitable for industry from a very early time.

Water was the main source of power for the early industries and some of the water wheels were first established in the twelfth century, would you believe? At that time, local craftsmen^Q12 first built an iron forge just behind the village here, on the bend in the river. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the region’s rivers supported more than a hundred and sixty^Q13 water mills – and many of these continued to operate well into the nineteenth century. But then the steam engine was invented and then the railways came and the centres of industry were able to move away from the rivers and the countryside and into the towns. So, industrial villages like this one became very rare.

So that’s the history for you. If you’d like any more information, you can ask me some questions, or you can read further in our excellent guide book.

Now I’m going to give you a plan of the site and I’d just like to point out where everything is and then you can take a look at everything for yourself.

I’ve already pointed out the river, which is on the left. And of course, running along the bottom is Woodside^Q14 Road, got it? OK. Now we’re standing at the entrance, see it at the bottom, and immediately to our right is the Ticket Office.^Q15 You won’t need that because you’ve got your group booking, but just past it are the toilets – always good to know where they are. In front of us is the car park, as you can see, and to the left, by the entry gate is the Gift Shop.^Q16 That’s where you can get copies of the guide, like this one here.

Now, beyond the car park all the buildings are arranged in a half circle with a yard in the middle. The big, stone building at the top is the main Workshop.^Q17 That’s where the furnace is and where all the metal was smelted and the tools were cast, as you’ll be able to see. Now, in the top right-hand corner, that building with bigger windows is the Showroom,^Q18 where samples of all the tools that were made through the ages are on display. In the top left corner is the Grinding Shop, where the tools were sharpened and finished. And on one side of that you can see the Engine Room and on the other is the Café, ^Q19 which isn’t an antique, you’ll be pleased to know, though they do serve very nice old-fashioned teas.

The row of buildings you can see on the left are the cottages.^Q20 These were built for the workers towards the end of the eighteenth century and they’re still furnished from that period so you can get a good idea of ordinary people’s living conditions. Across the yard from them, you can see the stables where the horses were kept for transporting the products. And the separate building in front of them is the Works Office and that-still has some of the old accounts on display.

Right, if anyone wants a guided tour then I’m starting at the Engine Room. If you’d like to come along, this way please, ladies and gentlemen.

SECTION 3

MELANIE	Excuse me, Dr Johnson. May I speak to you for a minute?
DR JOHNSON	Sure. Come in.
MELANIE	I’m Melanie Griffin. I’m taking your course in Population Studies.
DR JOHNSON	Right. Well, Melanie, how can I help you?
MELANIE	I’m… having a bit of trouble with the second assignment, and it’s due in twelve days.
DR JOHNSON	What sort of trouble are you having? Is the assignment question a problem?
MELANIE	Well, that’s part of the problem. I’m also having been having – trouble getting hold of the books. I’ve been to the library several times, and all the books are out.
DR JOHNSON	Sounds like you should have started borrowing books a bit earlier.
MELANIE	Well, I had a really big assignment due in for another course,Q21 and I’ve been spending all my time on that, and I thought…
DR JOHNSON	… you might get an extension of time to finish your assignment for me?
MELANIE	If that’s possible, but I don’t know…
DR JOHNSON	Well, yes, it is possible, but extensions are normally given only for medical or compassionate reasons,Q22 otherwise it’s really a question of organising your study, and we don’t like giving extensions to students who simply didn’t plan their work properly. What did you get for your first assignment?
MELANIE	I got eighty-seven per cent.
DR JOHNSON	Mmm, yes, you did very well indeed, so obviously you can produce good work.
MELANIE	I don’t think I’ll need too much extra time, as long as I can get hold of some of the important references.
DR JOHNSON	Well, since you did so well in your first assignment, I’m prepared to give you an extra two weeks for this one, so that’ll mean you’ll need to submit it about a month from now.
MELANIE	Thank you.
DR JOHNSON	Now, what about the reading materials? Have you checked out the journal articles in the list?
MELANIE	Umm, no, not yet, there were about twenty of them, and I wasn’t sure which ones would be most useful or important.
DR JOHNSON	Well, they’re all useful, but I don’t expect anyone to read them all, because a number of them deal with the same issues. Let me give you some suggestions. The article by Anderson and Hawker is really worth reading.
MELANIE	Right, I’ll read that one.
DR JOHNSON	You should also read the article by Jackson, but just look at the part on the research methodologyQ23 – how they did it.
MELANIE	OK… Jackson, got that…
DR JOHNSON	And if you have time, the one by Roberts says very relevant things, although it’s not essential.
MELANIE	So, OK, if it’s useful,Q24 I’ll try and read that one…
DR JOHNSON	Now, the one by Morris. I wouldn’t bother with that at this stage, if I were you.
MELANIE	OK, I won’t botherQ25 with Morris. Oh, now, someone told me the article by Cooper is important.
DR JOHNSON	Well, yes, in a way, but just look at the last part,Q26 where he discusses the research results. And lastly, there’s Forster – I can’t think why I included that one. It’s not bad and could be of some help, but not that much.Q27
DR JOHNSON	Now let’s deal with the assignment question. What’s the problem there?
MELANIE	It’s the graph on page two.
DR JOHNSON	What seems to be the problem? It’s just the bar graph showing reasons why people change where they live.
MELANIE	Well, I’ve got a photocopy but the reasons at the bottom are missing.
DR JOHNSON	OK. Look at the first bar on the graph – now that indicates the number of people who move because they want more space.
MELANIE	Oh I see… bar one. OK… Now what about the next bar?
DR JOHNSON	Bar two is to do with the people living nearby disturbing them,Q28 so they chose to move away to somewhere quieter. Now let’s look at bar number three…. another reason people change their place of living is because they want to be closer to the city.
MELANIE	OK. Proximity to the city is an issue…
DR JOHNSON	Now… bar number four refers to problems when the owner of the property won’t help fix things that go wrong. In other words, the owner is not helpfulQ29 and so the tenants move out.
MELANIE	OK…now what about bar five?
DR JOHNSON	Bar five is about those people who move because they need a bus or train to get them into the city or to go to work.
MELANIE	OK… and bar six?
DR JOHNSON	Bar number six is interesting. That reason was given quite a lot — people moving because they wanted to be in a more attractive neighbourhood.Q30
MELANIE	Oh, yes, thank you very much.

Section 4

Good day, ladies and gentlemen. I have been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape. There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk: how vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate, and how we can better plan our cities using trees to provide a more comfortable environment^Q31 for us to live in.

Trees can have a significant impact on our cities. They can make a city, as a whole, a bit less windy^Q32 or a bit more windy, if that’s what you want. They can make it a bit cooler if it’s a hot summer day in an Australian city, or they can make it a bit more humid^Q33 if it’s a dry inland city. On the local scale – that is, in particular areas within the city – trees can make the local area more shady,^Q34 cooler, more humid and much less windy. In fact trees and planting of various kinds can be used to make city streets actually less dangerous ^Q35 in particular areas. How do trees do all that, you ask?

Well, the main difference between a tree and a building is a tree has got an internal mechanism to keep the temperature regulated. It evaporates water through its leaves^Q36 and that means that the temperature of the leaves is never very far from our own body temperature. The temperature of a building surface on a hot sunny day can easily be twenty degrees more than our temperature. Trees, on the other hand, remain cooler than buildings because they sweat. This means that they can humidify the air and cool it – a property which can be exploited to improve the local climate.

Trees can also help break the force of winds. The reason that high buildings make it windier at ground^Q37 level is that, as the wind goes higher and higher, it goes faster and faster. When the wind hits the building, it has to go somewhere. Some of it goes over the top and some goes around the sides of the building, forcing those high level winds down to ground level. That doesn’t happen when you have trees. Trees filter the wind and considerably reduce it,^Q38 preventing those very large strong gusts that you so often find around tall buildings.

Another problem in built-up areas is that traffic noise is intensified by tall buildings. By planting a belt of trees at the side of the road, you can make things a little quieter, but much of the vehicle noise still goes through the trees. Trees can also help reduce the amount of noise in the surroundings, although the effect is not as large as people like to think. Low-^Q39 frequency noise, in particular, just goes through the trees as though they aren’t there.

Although trees can significantly improve the local climate, they do however take up a lot of space. There are root systems to consider and branches blocking windows and so on. It may therefore be difficult to fit trees into the local landscape. There is not a great deal you can do if you have what we call a street canyon – a whole set of high-rises enclosed in a narrow street. Trees need water to grow. They also need some sunlight to grow and you need room^Q40 to put them. If you have the chance of knocking buildings down and replacing them, then suddenly you can start looking at different ways to design the streets and to introduce… (fade out)