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  • Cambridge IELTS 13 Academic Writing Test 3

    Writing Task 1

    You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

    The bar chart below shows the top ten countries for the production and consumption of electricity in 2014.

    Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

    Write at least 150 words.

    Writing Task 2

    You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

    Write about the following topic:

    Some people say History is one of the most important school subjects. Other people think that in today’s world subjects like Science and technology are more important than History.

    Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

    Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

    Write at least 250 words.

  • Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Writing Test 4

    Writing Task 1

    You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

    The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.

    Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

    Write at least 150 words.

    Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Writing Test 4 The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport

    Writing Task 2

    You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

    Write about the following topic:

    In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing.

    What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?

    Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

    Write at least 250 words.

  • Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Writing Test 2

    Writing Task 1

    You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

    The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001.

    Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

    Write at least 150 words.

    Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Writing Test 1 The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001

    Writing Task 2

    You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

    Write about the following topic:

    Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
    In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?
    Has this become a positive or negative development?

    Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

    Write at least 250 words.

    Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Writing Test 2 Task 1 Model Answer (181 words)

    The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years 1981, 1991 and 2001.

    In all three years, the greatest expenditure was on staff salaries. But while other workers’ salaries saw a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% of spending in 2001, teachers’ pay remained the biggest cost, reaching 50% of total spending in 1991 and ending at 45% in 2001.

    Expenditure on resources such as books had increased to 20% by 1991 before decreasing to only 9% by the end of the period. In contrast, the cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend. This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget. Similarly, the cost of insurance saw a rising trend, growing from only 2% to 8% by 2001.

    Overall, teachers’ salaries constituted the largest cost to the school, and while spending increased dramatically for equipment and insurance, there were corresponding drops in expenditure on things such as books and on other workers salaries.

    Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Writing Test 2 Task 1 Model Answer (269 words)

    Technology has dramatically altered how people interact and form relationships. Digital communication, such as social media and messaging apps, now enables people to maintain connections across distances effortlessly. This is beneficial for keeping in touch with family and friends worldwide, fostering relationships that might otherwise diminish due to physical separation.

    Additionally, technology facilitates the creation of broader social networks. Online communities allow individuals to connect with others based on shared interests rather than just proximity. This can lead to richer relationships with like-minded people that they might not meet in their local environments.

    In romantic contexts, online dating platforms like Tinder and Bumble expand opportunities for meeting potential partners. These platforms help people find compatible matches outside their usual social circles, potentially leading to more fulfilling relationships.

    However, these changes come with drawbacks. Digital interactions can lead to superficial relationships, where online connections are numerous but lack depth. Social media often prioritizes quantity over quality, resulting in many “friends” but few meaningful interactions.

    Moreover, the convenience of online communication can reduce face-to-face interactions, essential for developing empathy and deeper understanding. This can contribute to feelings of isolation despite having a large digital social network. Additionally, younger generations might struggle with developing interpersonal skills, as they rely more on online communication and less on in-person interactions.

    Privacy concerns also arise with technology. Oversharing personal information online can lead to breaches of trust and misunderstandings that harm relationships.

    In conclusion, while technology offers valuable tools for connecting people, it also poses challenges to the quality of those relationships. Balancing digital and real-world interactions is crucial to maintaining meaningful connections.

  • Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Writing Test 1

    Writing Task 1

    You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

    The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive. The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s.

    Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

    Write at least 150 words.

    Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Writing Test 1 The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive. The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s

    Writing Task 2

    You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

    Write about the following topic:

    Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.

    Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

    Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

    Write at least 250 words.

    Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Writing Test 1 Task 1 Model Answer (184 words)

    The pie chart shows that there are four main causes of farmland becoming degraded in the world today. Globally. 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively. A further 28% of global degradation is due to over-cultivation of crops. Other causes account for only 7% collectively…These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s with Europe having as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation, while the impact of this on Oceania and North America was minimal, with only 1.7% and 0.2% of land affected respectively. Europe, with the highest overall percentage of land degraded (23%), also suffered from over-cultivation (7.7%) and over-grazing (5.5%).

    In contrast, Oceanià had 13% of degraded farmland and this was mainly due to over-grazing (11.3%). North America had a lower proportion of degraded land at only 5%, and the main causes of this were over-cultivation (3.3%) and, to a lesser extent, over-grazing (1,5%).

    Overall, it is clear that Europe suffered more from farmland degradation than the other regions, and the main causes there were deforestation and over-cultivation.

    Cambridge IELTS 8 Academic Writing Test 1 Task 2 Model Answer (264 words)

    A child’s education has never been about learning information and basic skills only. It has always included teaching the next generation how to be good members of society. Therefore, this cannot be the responsibility of the parents alone.
    In order to be a good member of any society the individual must respect and obey the rules of their community and share their values. Educating children to understand the need to obey rules and respect others always begins in the home and is widely thought to be the responsibility of parents. They will certainly be the first to help children learn what is important in life, how they are expected to behave and what role they will play in their world.
    However, learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home. Once a child goes to school, they are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home. At school, children will experience working and living with people from a whole variety of backgrounds from the wider society. This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other. and how to contribute to the life of their community.
    But to be a valuable member of any community is not like learning a simple skill. It is something that an individual goes on learning throughout life and it is the responsibility of every member of a society to take responsibility for helping the younger generation to become active and able members of that society.

  • Cambridge IELTS 12 Listening Test 4

    Part 1: Questions 1-10

    Complete the notes below.

    Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each answer.

    Cycle tour leader: Applicant enquiry

    Name: Margaret Smith

    About the applicant:
    • Wants a (1)  ………………………. job
    • Will soon start work as a (2) ……………………….
    • Has led cycle trips in (3) ……………………….
    • Interested in being a leader of a cycling trip for families
    • Is currently doing voluntary work with members of a (4) ………………………. club
    • Available for five months from the 1st of (5) ……………………….
    • Can’t eat (6) ……………………….

    Contact details
    • Address: 27 (7)  ………………………. Place, Dumfries
    • Postcode: (8) ……………………….

    Interview:
    • Interview at 2.30 pm on (9) ……………………….
    • Will plan a short (10) ………………………. about being a tour guide

    Part 2: Questions 11-20

    Questions 11-14

    Choose the correct letter A, B or C.

    Visiting the Sheepmarket Area

    1. Which is the most rapidly growing group of residents in the sheepmarket area?
      1. young professional people
      2. students from the university
      3. employees in the local market
    2. The speaker recommends the side streets in the sheepmarket for their
      1. international restaurants
      2. historical buildings
      3. arts and crafts
    3. Clothes designed by entrants for the Young Fashion competition must
      1. be modelled by the designers themselves
      2. be inspired by aspects of contemporary culture
      3. be made from locally produced materials
    4. Car parking is free in some car parks if you
      1. stay for less than an hour
      2. buy something in the shops
      3. park in the evenings or at weekends
    Questions 15-20

    Label the map below.

    Write correct letter A-I next to questions 15-20.

    1. the Reynolds House 
    2. the Thumb 
    3. the Museum 
    4. the Contemporary Art Gallery 
    5. the Warner Gallery 
    6. 20. Nucleus 

    Part 3: Questions 21-30

    Questions 21-24

    Complete the table below.

    Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

    PRESENTATION OF FILM ADAPTATIONS OF SHAKESPEARE’S PLAY

    Stages of presentationWork still to be done
    Introduce Giannetti’s book containing a (21)……………of adaptationsorganize notes
    Ask class to suggest the (22)………………….adaptationsno further work needed
    Present Rachel Malchow’s ideasprepare some (23)………………..
    Discuss relationship between adaptations and (24)…………………..at the time of making the filmno further work needed
    Questions 25-30

    What do the speakers say about each of the following films?

    Choose SIX answers from below and write the correct letter A-G next to questions 25-30.

    Comments

    1. clearly shows the historical period
    2. contains only parts of the play
    3. is too similar to another kind of film
    4. turned out to be unpopular with audiences
    5. presents the play in a different period from the original
    6. sets the original in a different country
    7. incorporates a variety of art forms

    Films

    1. Ran 
    2. Much Ado About Nothing 
    3. Romeo and Juliet 
    4. Hamlet 
    5. Prospero’s Books 
    6. Looking for Richard 

    Section 4: Questions 31-40

    Complete the notes below.

    Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

    Noise in Cities
    Past research focused on noise level (measured in decibels) and people’s responses.

    Noise ‘maps’
    • Show that the highest noise levels are usually found on roads
    • Do not show other sources of noise e.g. when windows are open or people’s neighbours are in their (31) ……………………….
    • Ignore variations in people’s perceptions of noise
    • Have made people realize that the noise is a (32)  ………………………. issue that must be dealt with

    Problems caused by noise
    • Sleep disturbance
    • Increase in amount of stress
    • Effect on the (33)  ………………………. of school children

    Different types of noise
    Some noises can be considered pleasant e.g. the sound of a (34) ………………………. in a town
    To investigate this, researchers may use methods from (35) ………………………. sciences

    What people want
    Plenty of activity in urban environments which are (36) ………………………. but also allow people to relax

    But architects and town planners
    • Do not get much (37) ………………………. in acoustics
    • Regards sound as the responsibility of engineers

    Understanding sound as an art form
    We need to know
    • How sound relates to (38) ……………………….
    • What can be learnt from psychology about the effects of sound
    • Whether physics can help us understand the (39)  ………………………. of sound

    Virtual reality programs
    • Advantage: predict the effect of buildings
    • Current disadvantage: they are (40) ……………………….

    Cambridge IELTS 12 Listening Test 4 Section 1 Answers
    1. temporary
    2. doctor
    3. africa
    4. youth
    5. May
    6. cheese
    7. Arbuthnot
    8. DG74PH
    9. tuesday
    10. talk
    Cambridge IELTS 12 Listening Test 4 Section 2 Answers
    1. A
    2. C
    3. B
    4. B
    5. H
    6. C
    7. F
    8. G
    9. I
    10. B
    Cambridge IELTS 12 Listening Test 4 Section 3 Answers
    1. classification
    2. worst
    3. slides
    4. issues
    5. F
    6. A
    7. E
    8. C
    9. G
    10. B
    Cambridge IELTS 12 Listening Test 4 Section 4 Answers
    1. gardens
    2. political
    3. work/ study
    4. fountain
    5. social
    6. lively
    7. training
    8. culture
    9. nature
    10. silent

  • Cambridge IELTS 6 Listening Test 3

    Part 1: Question 1-10

    Complete the form below.

    Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD OR A NUMBER.

    OPENING A BANK ACCOUNT

    Application for a: Current bank account
    Type of current account: The (1) ……………………………. account
    Full name of applicant: Pieter Henes
    Date of birth: (2) ……………………………. 
    Joint account holders: No
    Current address: (3) …………………………….   Exeter
    Time at current address: (4) ……………………………. 
    Previous address: Rielsdorf 2, Utrecht, Holland
    Telephone: work (5) ……………………………. 
    Occupation: (6) ……………………………. 
    Identity (security): Name of his (7) …………………………….   :Siti
    Opening sum: (8) …………………………….  £  to be transferred from Fransen Bank, Utrecht
    Statements: Every (9) ……………………………. 
    Requests: Supply information about the bank’s (10)  ……………………………. service

    Part 2: Question 11-20

    Question 11-13

    Choose the correct letter A, B and C.

    THE HISTORY OF ROSEWOOD HOUSE

    1. When the writer Sebastian George first saw Rosewood House, he
      1. thought he might rent it
      2. felt it was too expensive for him
      3. was unsure whether to buy it
    2. Before buying the house. George had
      1. experienced severe family problems
      2. struggled to become a successful author
      3. suffered a serious illness
    3. According to the speaker, George viewed Rosewood House as
      1. a rich source of material for his books
      2. a way to escape from his work
      3. a typical building of the region
    Question 14-17

    Label the map below.

    Write correct letters A-J next to questions 14-17.

    ROSEWOOD HOUSE AND GARDENS

    1. Pear Alley …………………………….
    2. Mullberry Garden …………………………….
    3. Shop …………………………….
    4. Tea Room …………………………….
    Question 18-20

    Complete the sentences below.

    Write ONE WORD ONLY.

    RIVER WALK

    1. You can walk through the  that goes along the river bank.
    2. You can go over the  and then into a wooded area.
    3. On your way back, you could also go up to the 

    Part 3: Question 21-30

    Question 21-24

    Complete the sentences below.

    Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER.

    MARKETING ASSIGNMENT

    1. For their assignment, the students must investigate one part of the 
    2. The method the students must use to collect data is 
    3. In total, the students must interview  people.
    4. Jack thinks the music preferences of  listeners are similar.
    Question 25-30

    Complete the notes below.

    Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.

    MARKETING SURVEY: MUSIC PREFERENCES
    Age group of interviewee
    • 25 or under
    • 45 or over

    Music preferences
    • Pop
    • (25)  ……………………………. 
    • Folk
    • Easy listening
    • (26) ……………………………. 

    Medium for listening to music
    • Radio
    • CD
    • TV
    • (27) ……………………………. 

    Source of music
    • Music shops
    • (28) ……………………………. 
    • Internet

    Places for listening to music
    • Disco
    • Pub
    • (29) ……………………………. 
    • Concert Hall
    • (30) ……………………………. 

    Part 4: Question 31-40

    Question 31-34

    Choose the correct letter A, B or C.

    IRELAND IN THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD

    Cambridge IELTS 6 Listening Test 3 IRELAND IN THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD MAP
    1. According to the speaker, it is not clear
      1. when the farming economy was introduced to Ireland
      2. why people began to farm in Ireland
      3. where the early Irish farmers came from
    2. What point does the speaker make about breeding animals in Neolithic Ireland?
      1. Their numbers must have been above a certain level
      2. They were under threat from wild animals
      3. Some species died out during this period
    3. What does the speaker say about the transportation of animals?
      1. Livestock would have limited the distance the farmers could sail
      2. Neolithic boats were loo primitive to have been used
      3. Probably only a few breeding animals were imported
    4. What is the main evidence for cereal crops in Neolithic Ireland?
      1. the remains of burnt grain in pots
      2. the marks left on pots by grains
      3. the patterns painted on the surface of pots
    Question 35-40

    Complete the sentences below.

    Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS each answer.

    STONE TOOLS

    1. Ploughs could either have been pulled by  or by cattle.
    2. The farmers needed homes which were permanent dwellings.
    3. In the final stages of axe-making  and  were necessary for grinding and polishing.
    4. Irish axes were exported from Ireland to  and England.

    POTTERY MAKING
    • The colonisers used clay to make pots.

    1. The  of the pots was often polished to make them watertight.
    2. Clay from  areas was generally used.
    3. Decoration was only put around the  of the earliest pots.
    Cambridge IELTS 6 Listening Test 3 Section 1 Answers
    1. select
    2. 27-1-1973
    3. 15 riverside
    4. weeks
    5. 616295
    6. engineer
    7. mother
    8. 2,000
    9. month
    10. internet
    Cambridge IELTS 6 Listening Test 3 Section 2 Answers
    1. C
    2. A
    3. C
    4. H
    5. F
    6. B
    7. D
    8. field
    9. footbridge
    10. viewpoint
    Cambridge IELTS 6 Listening Test 3 Section 3 Answers
    1. entertainment industry
    2. telephone interviews
    3. 30
    4. male and female
    5. jazz
    6. classical
    7. concerts
    8. department stores
    9. club
    10. opera house
    Cambridge IELTS 6 Listening Test 3 Section 4 Answers
    1. C
    2. A
    3. A
    4. B
    5. people
    6. water AND sand (in either order)
    7. scotland
    8. outside
    9. local
    10. tops

  • Cambridge IELTS 12 General Reading Test 1

    SECTION 1  – Questions 1-14

    Read the text below and answer Questions 1-8

    A Bath International Music Festival
    From electronics to folk, jazz and classical, this festival is renowned for bringing world-class musicians to this historical city. Starting with a great night of free music, ‘Party in the city’ this year is going to be no exception.

    B The Great Escape
    Often referred to as Europe’s leading festival for new music, more than 300 bands will perform to around 10,000 people in 30-plus venues, meaning you are sure to see the next big thing in music.

    C Springwatch Festival
    The much loved television series Springwatch celebrates the countryside as it does every year, with sheep herding, wood carving demonstrations, insect hunts and more activities, accompanied by live music and a great farmers’ market, offering all sorts of mouth-watering produce.

    D Wychwood Music Festival
    Right nominated for the best family festival award every year since it began in 2005, this festival offers a combination of different music genres- many featuring artists from around the Wychwood area – and comedy, alongside a selection of outdoor cafes serving amazing world foods.

    E Love Food Festival
    Bringing together a selection of the finest produce, this festival aims to educate visitors about how food should be produced and where it should come from, through sampling a range of tasty treats, cooked on site

    F The 3 Wishes Faery Festival
    The UK’s most magical, this is a three-day festival of folk art, live music and fashion shows set in the beautiful wild surroundings of Bodmin Moor. If you don’t fancy taking a tent, some local residents usually offer to put visitors up.

    G Bath International Dance Festival
    Featuring demonstrations from world champion dancers and star from the TV series Strictly Come Dancing, the festival promises toe tapping action, including a world record attempt, where everyone is invited to join in.

    Questions 1-8

    Look at the seven advertisements for festivals in the UK, A-G, in the previous text.

    For which festival are the following statements true?

    Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.

    NB you may use any letter more than once.

    1. Visitor can help to make one particular event a success at this festival.
    2. People can listen to local musicians here.
    3. At this festival, people can listen to music in lots of different places
    4. It is not necessary to pay for one of the events here.
    5. It is possible to stay overnight at this festival.
    6. Children will enjoy this festival.
    7. Visitors can get advice here.
    8. People can watch craftspeople at work here.

    Read the text below and answer Questions 9-14

    BIG ROCK CLIMBING CENTRE

    Big Rock Climbing Center is modern, friendly professionally run centre offering over 1,200 square metres of fantastic indoor climbing. We use trained and experienced instructors to give you the opportunity to learn and develop climbing skills, keep fit and have fun. Master our 11 m-high climbing walls using a rope harness, for an unbeatable sense of achievement. Or experience the thrills of climbing without any harness in our special low-level arena, which has foam mats on the floor is cushion any fall safety.

    Who is Big Rock for?
    Almost anyone can enjoy Big Rock. Previous climbing experience and specialist equipment are not required. You can come on your own or with friends and family comes as a fun alternative to the gym or for a special day out with the kids. If you are visiting the friends or family but not climbing, or just fancy coming to look, please feel free to relax in our excellent cafe overlooking the climbing areas.

    Mobile Climbing Wall
    Available on a day hire basis at any location, the big Rock mobile Climbing Wall is the perfect way to enhance any show festival or event. The mobile wall can be used indoors or outdoors and features four unique 7.3 m-high climbing faces designed to allow four people to climb simultaneously. Quick to set up and pack up, the mobile climbing wall is staffed by qualified and experienced climbing instructors, providing the opportunity to climb the wall in a controlled and safe environment. when considering what to wear, we have found that trousers and t-shirts are ideal. We will however, ask people to remove scarves. Most flat shoes are suitable as long as they are enclosed and support the foot. The mobile wall is very adaptable and can be operated in light rain and winds up to 50 kph. There are however, particular measures that we take in such conditions.

    What about hiring the mobile climbing wall for my school or college?
    As climbing is different from the usual team games practiced at schools, we have found that some students who don’t usually like participating in sports are willing to have a go on the mobile climbing wall. If you are connected that some children may not want to take part because they feel nervous if they climb, then please be assured that our instructors will support then up to a level which they are comfortable with. They will still benefit greatly from the experience.

    Questions 9-14

    Do the following statement agree with the information given in the text?

    In boxes 9-14 on your answer sheet write

    • TRUE          if the statement agrees with the information
    • FALSE          if the statement contradicts the information
    • NOT GIVEN       if there is no information on this
    1. When climbing at the big Rock Centre, it is compulsory to be attached by a rope.
    2. People who just want to watch the climbing can enter the Centre without paying.
    3. People can arrange to have a climbing session in their own garden if they wish.
    4. A certain item of clothing is forbidden for participants.
    5. The mobile Climbing wall can only be used in dry, calm weather.
    6. It is inadvisable for children who are afraid of heights to use the mobile climbing Wall.

    SECTION 2 – Questions 15-27

    Read the text below and answer Questions 15-20.

    Marketing advice for new businesses

    If you’re setting up your own business, here’s some advice on getting customers.

    Know where your customers look

    Your customers aren’t necessarily where you think they are. So if you‘re advertising where they’re just not looking, it’s wasted money. That’s why it pays to do a bit of research. Every time someone contacts your company, ask them where they found out about you. And act on this information so you’re advertising in the right places.

    Always think like a customer
    What makes your customers tick? Find out, and you’re halfway to saying the right things in your advertising. So take the time to ask them. A simple phone or email survey of your own customers, politely asking why they use you, what they really like and what they don’t, is invaluable.

    Make sure customers know you’re there

    If a customer can‘t see you, they can‘t buy from you. There are loads of opportunities to promote your business — print, press, direct mail, telemarketing, email and the internet — and using a mix of these increases your chances of being seen (and remembered).

    Ignore your customers and they’ll go away

    It sounds obvious, but companies who talk to their customers have much better retention rates than those that don’t, so it’s worth staying in touch. Capture your customers’ email addresses upfront. Follow up a transaction to check they’re happy with the service and, if possible, send them updates that are helpful, informative and relevant.

    Know what works (and what doesn’t)

    Do what the professionals do, and measure all your advertising. That’ll tell you what you’re doing right — and where there’s room for improvement. You never know, it might just throw up some information that could change your business for the better.

    Remember word-of-mouth: the best advertising there is

    A recent survey found that consumers are 50% more likely to be influenced by word-of-mouth recommendations than by TV or radio ads. So your reputation is your greatest asset If your current customers are impressed with your company, they’ll be more inclined to recommend you to others. On the flip side, if they experience bad service they probably won’t complain to you — but you can be sure they will to their friends.

    Questions 15-20

    Complete the sentences below.

    Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.

    Write your answers in boxes 15—20 on your answer sheet.

    1. Some………………………………………………..will help you to discover the most effective places to advertise.
    2. A ……………………………………………… of your customers will show you how they feel about your company.
    3. A …………………………of forms of advertising will make it more likely that potential customers will find out about you.
    4. lf you can, provide customers with useful………………………………………………about your business.
    5. Measuring the effects of your advertising can give you …………………………………. that will improve your business.
    6. Success in finding new customers largely depends on your ………………………………………….

    Read the text below and answer Questions 21-27.

    Working Time Regulations for Mobile Workers

    These rules apply to drivers and crew of heavy goods vehicles or public service vehicles. The rules limit the amount of time that can be worked.

    Those defined in the Regulations as being self-employed are currently not covered by the Regulations.

    What are the limits?
    • An average of 48 hours’ work per week.
    • In any single week up to 60 hours can be worked so long as the 48-hour average is maintained.
    • Night work is limited to 10 hours per night, unless there is a workforce agreement to work longer.
    • Statutory annual leave and any sick leave and/or maternity/paternity leave counts as working time.

    What counts as work?
    In general, any activities performed in connection with the transport operation count as work, for example, driving, loading/unloading and those checks that are the responsibility of drivers, such as checking lights, brakes, etc. There are a number of periods of time that do not count as work, for example, travelling between home and your normal place of work, lunch or other breaks and periods of availability.

    Periods of availability are periods of time during which the mobile worker is not required to remain at their workstation but is required to be available for work, the foreseeable duration of which is known about in advance, for example:
    • Delays at a distribution centre.
    • Reporting for work then being informed that no duties are to be undertaken for a specified period.
    • Accompanying a vehicle being transported, for example by train.
    A period of availability can be taken at the workstation. Providing the worker has a reasonable amount of freedom (e.g. they can read and relax) for a known duration. this could satisfy the requirements of a period of availability.

    Situations when a period of time should not be recorded as a period of availability:
    • Hold-ups due to congestion, because the driver would be stopping and starting the vehicle.
    • Frequently moving up within a queue (e.g. waiting within a queue to load or unload) every other minute.

    Questions 21—27

    Complete the notes below.

    Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.

    Write your answers in boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet.

    Working Time Regulations for Mobile Workers

    These apply to people working on lorries, buses, etc.
    They don‘t apply to (21)…………………….……………………………workers.
    Maximum working hours: 60 hours a week, provided the (22) ……………………………..is no more than 48 hours.
    Night work can be more than 10 hours with the (23) ……………………………..of the workers.
    Work includes driving, loading and unloading, and carrying out various (24)…………………………………… of the vehicle.

    Periods of availability include:
    going on a (25)……………………………….or other form of transport with a vehicle
    a period at the workstation when the driver has some (26) ………………….………………might count as a period of availability

    Periods of availability exclude:
    time spent stopping and starting the vehicle when (27) ………………………………causes delays being in a queue, e.g. in order to load or unload.

    SECTION 3

    Read the text below and answer Questions 28-40.

    A brief history of automata

    An automaton is a machine, usually made to resemble a person or animal, that operates on its own, once it has been started. Although few are constructed nowadays, they have a history stretching back well over two thousand years. Several myths show that the ancient Greeks were interested in the creation of automata. In one, Hephaestus, the god of all mechanical arts, was reputed to have made two female statues of pure gold which assisted him and accompanied him wherever he went. As well as giving automata a place in mythology, the Greeks almost certainly created some. These were probably activated by levers and powered by human action, although there are descriptions of steam and water being used as sources of power. Automata were sometimes intended as toys, or as tools for demonstrating basic scientific principles.

    Other ancient cultures, too, seem to have developed automata. In Egypt, Ctesibius experimented with air pressure and pneumatic principles. One of his creations was a singing blackbird powered by water. A Chinese text of the third century BC describes a life-size, human-shaped figure that could walk rapidly, move its head up and down, sing and wink its eye.

    Much later, Arab engineers of the ninth and thirteenth centuries wrote detailed treatises on how to build programmable musical fountains, mechanical servants, and elaborate clocks. A ninth-century ruler in Baghdad had a silver and gold tree with metal birds that sang. The art of creating automata developed considerably during the fifteenth century, linked with improvements in clock making: the mechanisms of automata and clocks had a great deal in common. Some truly remarkable automata were produced at this time. Muller was reputed to have made an artificial eagle which flew to greet the Emperor on his entry into Nuremberg, Germany, in 1470, then returned to perch on top of a city gate and, by stretching its wings and bowing, saluted the emperor on his arrival. Leonardo da Vinci made a lion in honour of the king of France, which advanced towards him, stopped, opened its chest with a claw and pointed to the French coat of arms.

    Automata were normally very expensive toys for the very rich. They were made for royal or aristocratic patrons, to be viewed only by themselves and selected guests – who were expected to be impressed by their wealth. Automata were also created for public show, however, and many appeared on clock towers, such as me one in Bern, Switzerland, built in 1530.

    During the eighteenth century, some watchmakers made automata to contribute to the progress of medicine and the natural sciences, particularly to investigate the mechanical laws governing the structure and movement of living things. Many of their creations simulated almost perfectly the complex structure of human beings and animals. Maillardet made extensive use of gearing and cogs to produce automata of horses, worked by turning a handle. Vaucanson produced a duck made of gilded copper which ate, drank and quacked like a real duck. He also made a life-size Female flute player. Air passes through the complex mechanism, causing the lips and fingers of the player to move naturally on the flute, opening and closing holes on it. This automaton had a repertoire of twelve tunes.

    In another well—known piece, Merlin’s silver swan made in 1773, the swan sits in a stream consisting of glass rods where small silver fish are swimming. When the clockwork is wound, a music box plays and the glass rods rotate, giving the impression of a flowing stream. The swan turns its head from side to side. lt soon notices the fish and bends down to catch and. eat one, then raises its head to the upright position. The mechanism still works.

    One of the most skilled makers of automata was the Swiss watchmaker jaquet-Droz. He produced three automata which, even today, are considered wonders of science and mechanical engineering. One of these, The Writer, simulates a boy sitting at a desk, dipping his pen into the ink and writing perfectly legibly.

    Another Stunning creation of the eighteenth century was the Mechanical Theatre in the grounds of Austria’s Hellbrunn Palace, home of the Archbishop of Salzburg. Designed by the miner Rosenegger, and completed in 1752, this depicts the nobility’s idea of a perfect society, with every class in its proper place. The figures inside a palace depict eighteenth- century court life, while industrious activity is carried on in and around this building. A total of 141 mobile and 52 immobile little figures demonstrate all manner of trades of the period: building workers bring materials to the foreman, who drinks; butchers slaughter an ox; a barber shaves a man. A dancing bear performs, guards march past the palace, a farmer pushes an old woman in a wheelbarrow over the road. The theatre shows great skill in clock making and water technology, consisting of hidden waterwheels, copper wiring and cogwheels.

    During the nineteenth century, mass production techniques meant that automata could be made cheaply and easily, and they became toys for children rather than an expensive adult amusement. Between 1860 and 1910, small family businesses in Paris made thousands of clockwork automata and mechanical singing birds and exported them around the world. However, the twentieth century saw traditional forms of automata fall out of favour.

    Questions 28-30

    Complete the summary below.

    Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.

    Write your answers in boxes 28-30 on your answer sheet.

    Automata and the ancient Greeks

    The ancient Greeks had a number of (28) ……………………………………concerning automate. According to one, the god Hephaestus created two assistants made of gold. The Greeks probably also created real automata; it seems most likely that the mechanism which controlled them consisted of (29) …………………………which were worked by human operators. Some automate were designed to be (30)……………………………………… with an educational purpose.

    Questions 31-35

    Look at the following descriptions (Questions 31-35) and the list of people below.

    Match each statement with the correct person, A-G.

    Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 31-35 on your answer sheet

    List of Descriptions

    1. created an automaton that represented a bird in water interacting with its surroundings
    2. created an automaton that performed on a musical instrument
    3. produced documents about how to create automata
    4. created automata which required a human being to operate the mechanism
    5. used air and water power

    List of People

    1. Ctesibius
    2. Arab engineers
    3. da Vinci
    4. Maillardet
    5. Vaucanson
    6. Merlin
    7. Jaquet-Droz
    Questions 36-40

    Complete the sentences below.

    Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.

    Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.

    1. The Mechanical Theatre shows court life inside a ……………………
    2. In the Mechanical Theatre, building workers, butchers and a barber represent various ………………… of the time.
    3. ………….. provides the power that operates the Mechanical Theatre.
    4. New ………. that developed in the nineteenth century reduced the cost of the production of automate.
    5. During the nineteenth century, most automata were intended for use by………………
    Cambridge IELTS 12 General Reading Test 1 Questions 1-8 answers
    1. G
    2. D
    3. B
    4. A
    5. F
    6. D
    7. E
    8. C
    Cambridge IELTS 12 General Reading Test 1 Questions 9-14 BIG ROCK CLIMBING CENTRE answers
    1. FALSE
    2. NOT GIVEN
    3. TRUE
    4. TRUE
    5. FALSE
    6. FALSE
    Cambridge IELTS 12 General Reading Test 1 Questions 15-20 Marketing advice for new businesses answers
    1. Research
    2. Survey
    3. Mix
    4. Updates
    5. Information
    6. Reputation
    Cambridge IELTS 12 General Reading Test 1 questions 21-27 Working Time Regulations for Mobile Workers answers
    1. Self-employed
    2. Average
    3. Agreement
    4. Checks
    5. Train
    6. Freedom
    7. Congestion
    Cambridge IELTS 12 General Reading Test 1 questions 28-40 A brief history of automata answers
    1. Myths
    2. Levers
    3. Tools
    4. F
    5. E
    6. B
    7. D
    8. A
    9. Palace
    10. Trades
    11. Water
    12. Techniques
    13. children

  • Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test 4

    PART 1

    The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.

    EXAMPLE

    Your favourite place

    • What place do you most like to visit?
    • How often do you visit this place?
    • Why do you like it so much?
    • Is it popular with many other people?
    • Has it changed very much since you first went there? [In what way?]

    PART 2

    Describe a useful website you have visited.

    • You should say:
      • what the website was
      • how you found the address for this website what the website contained
      • and explain why it was useful to you.

    • You will have to talk about the topic for one or two minutes.
    • You have one minute to think about what you are going to say.
    • You can make some notes to help you if you wish

    PART 3

    Discussion topics:

    The internet and communication

    Example questions:

    • What effect has the internet had on the way people generally communicate with each other?
    • Why do you think the internet is being used more and more for communication?
    • How reliable do you think information from the internet is? Why? What about the news on the internet?
    The internet and shopping

    Example questions:

    • Why do you think some people use the internet for shopping? Why doesn’t everyone use it in this way?
    • What kinds of things are easy to buy and sell online? Can you give me some examples?
    • Do you think shopping on the internet will be more or less popular in the future? Why?
    Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test 4 part 1 model answers

    • My favorite place to visit is a serene botanical garden located on the outskirts of my city.
    • I try to visit this botanical garden at least once a month, especially during weekends or whenever I need a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of daily life.
    • I am enamored by the tranquil ambiance and lush greenery of the botanical garden. It serves as a sanctuary where I can escape the chaos of urban life and immerse myself in the beauty of nature. Strolling through the winding paths, admiring colorful blooms, and listening to the chirping of birds soothes my mind and rejuvenates my soul.
    • Yes, the botanical garden is quite popular among locals and tourists alike. Many people visit this place to unwind, take leisurely walks, and appreciate the diverse plant species on display.
    • Over the years, the botanical garden has undergone several improvements and expansions to enhance the visitor experience. New sections have been added, showcasing different plant collections and themed gardens. Additionally, facilities such as seating areas, interpretive signage, and educational programs have been introduced to cater to the needs of visitors. Despite these changes, the essence of the botanical garden remains unchanged, preserving its natural beauty and tranquility for generations to enjoy.
    Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test 4 part 2 model answers

    Notes:

    • Website: Khan Academy
    • Discovery: Found through online search for educational resources
    • Content: Offers free educational videos, exercises, and tutorials covering various subjects such as math, science, history, and more.
    • Usefulness: Provides accessible and comprehensive learning materials for self-paced education and skill development.

    Response:

    One website that I have found incredibly useful is Khan Academy.

    I first came across Khan Academy while searching online for educational resources to supplement my learning. The website offers a vast array of free educational content, including instructional videos, practice exercises, and tutorials covering a wide range of subjects such as math, science, history, economics, and computer programming.

    The website contains a wealth of educational materials presented in a clear and engaging manner. The instructional videos are concise and easy to understand, making complex concepts more accessible. Additionally, interactive practice exercises allow users to apply what they’ve learned and receive immediate feedback on their progress. Furthermore, Khan Academy offers personalized learning features, allowing users to track their progress, set goals, and explore topics at their own pace.

    I have found Khan Academy to be incredibly useful for several reasons. Firstly, it provides high-quality educational content that is accessible to anyone with an internet connection, making it an invaluable resource for self-paced learning and skill development. Whether I need help understanding a difficult math concept or want to learn more about a particular topic in history, Khan Academy offers comprehensive resources to support my learning journey.

    Moreover, Khan Academy’s emphasis on mastery-based learning and personalized instruction has helped me improve my understanding and proficiency in various subjects. By providing a structured and interactive learning experience, the website has enabled me to enhance my knowledge, build confidence, and achieve academic success.

    In conclusion, Khan Academy is a valuable educational resource that offers accessible and comprehensive learning materials for individuals of all ages and backgrounds. Whether you’re a student looking to supplement your studies, a teacher seeking instructional resources, or a lifelong learner pursuing new interests, Khan Academy provides a wealth of educational opportunities to support your learning goals.

    Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test 4 part 3 model answers

    The Internet and Communication:

    • The internet has revolutionized communication by providing instant connectivity and a plethora of communication channels such as email, social media, messaging apps, and video calls. It has made communication more accessible, convenient, and global, allowing individuals to connect with others across geographical boundaries in real-time.
    • The internet’s growing use for communication can be attributed to its widespread availability, affordability, and versatility. Additionally, advancements in technology have led to the development of user-friendly communication platforms and devices, making it easier for people to connect and interact online. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of online communication as remote work, virtual meetings, and digital collaboration have become essential components of daily life.
    • The reliability of information on the internet varies depending on the source and context. While the internet provides access to a vast amount of information, not all of it is accurate or trustworthy. Users must critically evaluate the credibility of sources, cross-reference information, and consider the author’s expertise and biases. Regarding news on the internet, reputable news websites and organizations strive to uphold journalistic standards and ethics, providing accurate and verified information. However, misinformation, fake news, and biased reporting also proliferate online, emphasizing the importance of media literacy and critical thinking skills when consuming news content.

    The Internet and Shopping:

    • Some people use the internet for shopping due to its convenience, accessibility, and extensive product selection. Online shopping offers the convenience of browsing and purchasing goods from the comfort of home, as well as the ability to compare prices, read reviews, and access exclusive deals. However, not everyone uses the internet for shopping due to factors such as digital literacy, security concerns, preference for in-person shopping experiences, or lack of access to reliable internet connectivity and payment methods.
    • A wide range of products and services are easy to buy and sell online. Common examples include consumer electronics, clothing and apparel, books, household goods, groceries, digital subscriptions, and various services such as transportation, accommodation, and entertainment. Additionally, digital goods such as software, music, movies, and e-books are also popular items for online purchase and distribution.
    • Shopping on the internet is likely to become more popular in the future due to ongoing advancements in technology, changing consumer behaviors, and the continued expansion of e-commerce platforms. Factors such as increasing internet penetration, smartphone adoption, and the convenience of online shopping are driving the growth of e-commerce globally. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift towards online shopping as consumers prioritize safety, convenience, and contactless transactions. As e-commerce continues to evolve and innovate, it is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in retail commerce worldwide.

  • Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test 3

    PART 1

    The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.

    EXAMPLE

    Leisure

    • Do you have any hobbies or interests? [What are they?]
    • How did you become interested in (whatever hobby/interest the candidate mentions)?
    • What is there to do in your free time in (candidate’s home town/village)?
    • How do you usually spend your holidays?
    • Is there anywhere you would particularly like to visit? [Why?]

    PART 2

    Describe a river, lake or sea which you like.

    • You should say:
      • what the river, lake or sea is called
      • where it is
      • what the land near it is like
      • and explain why you like this river, lake or sea.

    • You will have to talk about the topic for one or two minutes.
    • You have one minute to think about what you are going to say.
    • You can make some notes to help you if you wish

    PART 3

    Discussion topics:

    Water-based leisure activities

    Example questions:

    • What do people enjoy doing when they visit rivers, lakes or the sea? Why do you think these activities are popular?
    • What benefits do you think people get from the activities they enjoy in the water?
    • What are the different advantages of going to the sea or to a swimming pool to enjoy yourself? What do you think the disadvantages are?
    The economic importance of rivers, lakes and the sea

    Example questions:

    • How does water transport, like boats and ships, compare with other kinds? Are there any advantages/disadvantages of water transport?
    • How important is it for a town or city to be located near a river or the sea? Why?
    • Have there been any changes in the number of jobs available in fishing and water transport industries, do you think? Why do you think this is?
    Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test 3 part 1 model answers

    • Yes, I enjoy photography as a hobby. Capturing moments and exploring different perspectives through the lens fascinates me.
    • My interest in photography sparked when I received a camera as a gift from my parents on my birthday. Since then, I began experimenting with capturing various subjects and scenes, and I found joy in the creative process of composing and editing photos.
    • In my hometown, there are various activities to enjoy during free time. One can explore nature trails, visit cultural sites, attend community events, or simply relax in parks or cafes.
      • During holidays, I often travel to new destinations to explore different cultures, landscapes, and cuisines. I enjoy immersing myself in the local atmosphere, visiting landmarks, and capturing memorable moments through photography.
      • I have always dreamed of visiting Iceland due to its stunning natural beauty and unique landscapes. The rugged terrain, dramatic waterfalls, and ethereal Northern Lights offer endless opportunities for photography and exploration. Additionally, experiencing Iceland’s rich culture and outdoor adventures firsthand would be an unforgettable experience.
      Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test 3 part 2 model answers

      Notes:

      • Name: Lake Tahoe
      • Location: Located on the border between California and Nevada, USA
      • Surroundings: Surrounded by majestic mountains, pine forests, and pristine beaches
      • Reasons for liking: Serene beauty, crystal-clear waters, recreational activities

      Response:

      One natural body of water that holds a special place in my heart is Lake Tahoe.

      Lake Tahoe, nestled on the border between California and Nevada in the United States, is renowned for its breathtaking beauty and pristine waters. It is the largest alpine lake in North America and one of the clearest lakes in the world.

      The surroundings of Lake Tahoe are simply stunning. Majestic mountains, including the Sierra Nevada range, encircle the lake, creating a picturesque backdrop. Towering pine forests blanket the landscape, adding to the area’s natural charm. Along the shoreline, there are numerous sandy beaches and rocky coves, perfect for sunbathing, swimming, and enjoying outdoor picnics.

      What I love most about Lake Tahoe is its serene beauty and crystal-clear waters. The lake’s azure blue hue is mesmerizing, especially on a clear day when the sunlight reflects off the surface, creating a sparkling spectacle. The tranquility of the lake, coupled with the stunning scenery, provides a sense of peace and relaxation that is unparalleled.

      Furthermore, Lake Tahoe offers a plethora of recreational activities for visitors to enjoy. From boating, kayaking, and paddleboarding to hiking, skiing, and snowboarding, there is something for everyone to experience year-round. Whether it’s cruising on the calm waters of the lake or hitting the slopes of nearby ski resorts during winter, Lake Tahoe offers endless opportunities for outdoor adventure and exploration.

      In conclusion, Lake Tahoe holds a special place in my heart due to its serene beauty, crystal-clear waters, and abundance of recreational activities. It is a place where one can escape the hustle and bustle of daily life, immerse themselves in nature, and create unforgettable memories with loved ones.

      Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test 3 part 3 model answers

      Water-based Leisure Activities:

      • When visiting bodies of water, people often enjoy activities such as swimming, boating, fishing, and sunbathing. These activities are popular because they provide opportunities for relaxation, recreation, and connection with nature. Water-based activities offer a refreshing escape from the stresses of daily life and allow individuals to unwind and rejuvenate in a natural environment.
        • Engaging in water-based activities offers numerous benefits for physical and mental well-being. Swimming, for example, provides a full-body workout, improves cardiovascular health, and enhances muscle strength and endurance. Boating and fishing offer opportunities for socialization, stress relief, and mental relaxation. Moreover, spending time in natural bodies of water has been shown to reduce anxiety, boost mood, and promote overall happiness and satisfaction.
        • Going to the sea offers the advantage of experiencing the vastness and beauty of open water, as well as opportunities for activities such as surfing, diving, and beachcombing. Swimming pools, on the other hand, provide controlled environments with amenities such as lifeguards, changing facilities, and temperature regulation. However, disadvantages of the sea may include rough conditions, unpredictable weather, and potential hazards such as strong currents or marine life. Swimming pools, while safer and more accessible, may lack the natural beauty and serenity of the sea.

        The Economic Importance of Rivers, Lakes, and the Sea:

        • Water transport, including boats and ships, offers several advantages over other modes of transportation. It is cost-effective for transporting large quantities of goods over long distances, particularly bulky or heavy cargo. Waterways are also less subject to congestion and traffic delays compared to roads or railways. However, water transport may be slower than air transport and is limited by navigational constraints such as water depth and port accessibility.
        • Towns or cities located near rivers or the sea benefit from access to water resources for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes. Waterways also facilitate trade, commerce, and transportation, allowing goods to be transported efficiently to and from inland areas. Additionally, waterfront locations often attract tourism and recreation, contributing to local economies and enhancing quality of life.
        • The number of jobs available in fishing and water transport industries may fluctuate over time due to various factors such as technological advancements, environmental regulations, and market demand. Technological innovations, such as mechanized fishing equipment and automated cargo handling systems, may lead to changes in workforce composition and skill requirements. Additionally, environmental concerns such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change may impact fishing stocks and maritime activities, affecting employment opportunities in these industries. Economic globalization and shifts in consumer preferences may also influence market demand for seafood products and transportation services, leading to changes in job availability within these sectors.

      1. Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test 3

        PART 1

        The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.

        EXAMPLE

        Traffic where you live

        • . How do most people travel to work where you live?
        • . What traffic problems are there in your area? [Why?]
        • . How do traffic problems affect you?
        • . How would you reduce the traffic problems in your area?

        PART 2

        Describe a game or sport you enjoy playing.

        • You should say:
          • what kind of game or sport it is
          • who you play it with
          • where you play it
          • and explain why you enjoy playing it.

        • You will have to talk about the topic for one or two minutes.
        • You have one minute to think about what you are going to say.
        • You can make some notes to help you if you wish

        PART 3

        Discussion topics:

        Children’s games

        Example questions:

        • How have games changed from the lime when you were a child?
        • Do you think this has been a positive change? Why?
        • Why do you think children like playing games?
        Games and competition

        Example questions:

        • Do you think competitive games are good or bad for children? In what ways?
        • How can games sometimes help to unite people?
        • Why is competition often seen as important in today’s society?

        Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test 3 part 1 model answers
          • In my area, the majority of people commute to work using private vehicles, such as cars or motorcycles. However, public transportation, including buses and trains, is also popular, especially for those traveling to the city center or other urban areas.
          • One of the main traffic problems in my area is congestion during peak hours, particularly on major roads and highways leading to commercial centers or industrial zones. This congestion is primarily caused by a high volume of vehicles on narrow roads, inadequate public transportation options, and limited infrastructure development to accommodate the growing population and urbanization.
          • Traffic problems have a significant impact on my daily life, particularly in terms of time wasted and stress levels. Long commute times due to congestion can lead to delays in reaching destinations, increased fuel consumption, and heightened frustration. Moreover, traffic congestion contributes to air pollution and environmental degradation, affecting overall quality of life and public health.
          • To reduce traffic problems in my area, several measures could be implemented. Firstly, investing in public transportation infrastructure, such as expanding bus routes, improving train services, and constructing dedicated lanes for bicycles and pedestrians, can encourage people to use alternative modes of transportation. Additionally, promoting carpooling, telecommuting, and flexible work schedules can help alleviate congestion during peak hours. Implementing smart traffic management systems, including traffic signals synchronization and real-time traffic monitoring, can optimize traffic flow and reduce bottlenecks. Finally, incentivizing the use of eco-friendly vehicles, such as electric cars, and implementing policies to discourage single-occupancy vehicle trips, such as congestion pricing or vehicle restrictions, can further reduce traffic congestion and environmental impact.
          Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test 3 part 2 model answers

          Notes:

          • Game/sport: Basketball
          • Participants: Friends or teammates
          • Location: Local basketball court or gymnasium
          • Reasons for enjoyment: Physical activity, teamwork, competition, and enjoyment of the sport

          Response:

          One game or sport that I thoroughly enjoy playing is basketball.

          I typically play basketball with my friends or teammates, depending on whether it’s a casual pickup game or a more organized match. We often gather at our local basketball court or indoor gymnasium to play.

          There are several reasons why I enjoy playing basketball. Firstly, it provides a great form of physical activity and exercise. Running up and down the court, jumping to shoot or block, and dribbling the ball all contribute to a full-body workout that helps me stay fit and healthy.

          Secondly, basketball is a team sport, and I enjoy the camaraderie and teamwork that comes with playing alongside others. It requires coordination, communication, and cooperation with teammates to pass the ball, set screens, and execute plays effectively.

          Furthermore, basketball is a competitive sport, and I thrive on the adrenaline rush and excitement of competing against others. Whether it’s a friendly game with friends or a more competitive match with opponents, the thrill of scoring points, making defensive stops, and ultimately winning the game is incredibly satisfying.

          Lastly, I simply enjoy the sport of basketball itself. The fast-paced action, strategic elements, and skillful maneuvers involved in dribbling, shooting, and defending make it a dynamic and engaging game to play.

          Overall, basketball offers a perfect blend of physical activity, teamwork, competition, and enjoyment, making it a sport that I truly love playing.

          Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test 3 part 3 model answers

          Children’s Games:

          • Games have evolved significantly since my childhood, with advancements in technology leading to the proliferation of digital and online games. Traditional outdoor games and physical activities have been replaced to some extent by video games, smartphones, and social media platforms.
          • The shift towards digital games has both positive and negative aspects. While technology has introduced new forms of entertainment and opportunities for learning, it has also led to concerns about sedentary behavior, screen time, and social isolation among children. Ultimately, the impact of this change depends on how technology is integrated into children’s lives and balanced with other activities.
          • Children are naturally drawn to games because they provide opportunities for fun, exploration, creativity, and social interaction. Games offer a break from routine activities, stimulate imagination, and provide a sense of accomplishment and mastery. Moreover, games allow children to express themselves, learn new skills, and connect with others in a playful and engaging way.

          Games and Competition:

            • Competitive games can have both positive and negative effects on children, depending on various factors such as the nature of the competition, parental involvement, and the child’s personality. Healthy competition can foster resilience, teamwork, and sportsmanship, while excessive focus on winning at all costs may lead to stress, anxiety, and negative self-esteem. It’s important for parents and caregivers to promote a balanced approach to competition and emphasize the importance of participation, effort, and personal improvement.
              • Games have the power to bring people together by providing a shared experience, fostering cooperation, and building bonds of friendship and camaraderie. Whether it’s playing on the same team, competing against each other, or collaborating to solve challenges, games create opportunities for social interaction, communication, and mutual support. Moreover, games can transcend cultural, linguistic, and social barriers, allowing people from diverse backgrounds to connect and celebrate common interests.
              • Competition is often seen as important in today’s society because it drives innovation, productivity, and excellence in various fields such as business, sports, and academia. Competitive environments encourage individuals to strive for success, push their limits, and achieve their full potential. Moreover, competition fosters a meritocratic society where rewards and opportunities are based on performance and achievement, motivating individuals to work hard and excel in their endeavors. However, it’s essential to balance competition with collaboration and cooperation to ensure that it remains healthy and constructive.

            1. Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test 2

              PART 1

              The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.

              EXAMPLE

              Musical instruments

              • Which instrument do you like listening to most? [WHY?]
              • Have you ever learned to play a musical mstrument? [Which one?]
              • Do you think children should learn to play a musical instrument at school? [Why/Why not]
              • How easy would it be to learn to play an instrument without a teacher? [Why?]

              PART 2

              Describe something healthy you enjoy doing.

              • You should say:
                • what you do
                • where you do it
                • who you do it with
                • and explain why you think doing this is healthy.

              • You will have to talk about the topic for one or two minutes.
              • You have one minute to think about what you are going to say.
              • You can make some notes to help you if you wish

              PART 3

              Discussion topics:

              Keeping fit and healthy

              Example questions:

              • What do most people do to keep fit in your country?
              • How important is it for people to do some regular physical exercise?
              Health and modern lifestyles

              Example questions:

              • Why do some people think that modern lifestyles are not healthy?
              • Why do some people choose to lead unhealthy lives?
              • Should individuals or governments be responsible for making peoples lifestyle healthy? What could be done to encourage people to live in a healthy way?
              Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test 2 part 1 model answers

              Musical Instruments

              • I particularly enjoy listening to the piano. Its versatility and ability to evoke a wide range of emotions resonate with me deeply. Whether it’s the gentle melodies of classical compositions or the vibrant rhythms of contemporary pieces, the piano has a timeless appeal that captivates me.
                • Yes, I have learned to play the guitar. It’s an instrument that has always fascinated me, and I found great joy in mastering its chords and melodies. Playing the guitar has been a rewarding experience, allowing me to express myself creatively and connect with others through music.
                  • Absolutely, I believe children should have the opportunity to learn to play a musical instrument at school. Not only does it foster a deeper appreciation for music and culture, but it also enhances cognitive development, fine motor skills, and discipline. Moreover, learning to play an instrument promotes teamwork, self-expression, and confidence, which are invaluable life skills.
                    • Learning to play an instrument without a teacher can be challenging, but not impossible. While self-learning resources such as online tutorials, books, and instructional videos are readily available, having a teacher provides personalized guidance, feedback, and accountability. A teacher can correct mistakes, provide encouragement, and tailor instruction to the individual’s learning style, making the learning process more efficient and enjoyable. However, with dedication, persistence, and self-discipline, it’s certainly feasible to make progress in learning an instrument independently.
                    Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test 2 part 2 model answers

                    Notes:

                    • Activity: Islamic prayer (Salah)
                    • Location: Mosque or any quiet space
                    • Participants: Typically done individually
                    • Reasons for healthiness: Physical benefits, mental relaxation, spiritual connection

                    Response:

                    Engaging in Islamic prayer, known as Salah, is a healthy practice that I enjoy regularly.

                    I perform Islamic prayer in a quiet and clean space, whether it’s at home or at the mosque. While I typically engage in Salah individually, there’s a sense of communal connection knowing that millions of Muslims around the world are performing the same prayer at the same time.

                    Islamic prayer offers numerous health benefits. Physically, it involves various movements and postures, such as standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting, which contribute to flexibility, muscle strength, and overall body relaxation. These movements also aid in improving circulation and digestion.

                    Mentally, Salah serves as a form of meditation and mindfulness, providing a brief respite from the hustle and bustle of daily life. It offers a moment of tranquility and reflection, allowing me to center my thoughts, release stress, and find inner peace.

                    Moreover, Islamic prayer is a means of spiritual connection and devotion. It fosters a sense of gratitude, humility, and submission to a higher power, which can be profoundly comforting and uplifting. The spiritual aspect of Salah nourishes the soul and contributes to overall well-being.

                    In conclusion, engaging in Islamic prayer is a holistic practice that promotes physical, mental, and spiritual health. It offers a unique blend of physical exercise, mental relaxation, and spiritual connection, making it a beneficial and enjoyable activity for me.

                    Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test 2 part 3 model answers

                    Keeping Fit and Healthy:

                      • In my country, people engage in various activities to stay fit, including jogging, cycling, swimming, attending fitness classes, and participating in sports like football or basketball. Additionally, many individuals incorporate regular exercise routines into their daily lives, such as walking or using stairs instead of elevators.
                      • Regular physical exercise is incredibly important for maintaining overall health and well-being. It helps to improve cardiovascular health, strengthen muscles and bones, control weight, boost mood, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. Moreover, physical activity promotes longevity and enhances quality of life by improving mobility, flexibility, and cognitive function.

                      Health and Modern Lifestyles:

                        • Some people believe that modern lifestyles are not healthy due to factors such as sedentary behavior, poor dietary choices, high stress levels, and exposure to environmental pollutants. The prevalence of technology and digital devices has led to a decrease in physical activity levels, while processed foods and fast food culture contribute to poor nutrition. Additionally, the demands of work and social obligations can lead to chronic stress and sleep disturbances, further compromising health.
                          • Several factors may contribute to individuals choosing to lead unhealthy lives, including lack of awareness or education about healthy habits, cultural or societal norms, convenience, and personal preferences. Additionally, economic disparities, limited access to healthcare or nutritious foods, and environmental factors may influence lifestyle choices. Moreover, addiction or dependency on substances such as tobacco, alcohol, or drugs can also contribute to unhealthy behaviors.
                          • Both individuals and governments share responsibility for promoting healthy lifestyles. Individuals should take ownership of their health by making informed choices, adopting healthy habits, and seeking support when needed. Governments play a crucial role in creating supportive environments that facilitate healthy living through policies, regulations, and public health initiatives. This includes promoting access to affordable healthcare, implementing measures to improve nutrition and physical activity, and raising awareness about the importance of healthy behaviors. Encouraging collaboration between individuals, communities, healthcare providers, and policymakers can help create a culture of health and well-being for all.

                        1. Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test 1

                          PART 1

                          The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.

                          EXAMPLE

                          Neighbours

                          • How well do you know the people who live next door to you?
                          • How often do you see them? [Why/Why not?]
                          • What kinds of problem do people sometimes have with their neighbours?
                          • How do you think neighbours can help each other?

                          PART 2

                          Describe a time when you were asked to give your opinion in a questionnaire or survey

                          • You should say:
                            • what the questionnaire/survey was about
                            • why you were asked to give your opinions
                            • what opinions you gave
                            • and explain how you felt about giving your opinions in this questionnaire/survey.

                          • You will have to talk about the topic for one or two minutes.
                          • You have one minute to think about what you are going to say.
                          • You can make some notes to help you if you wish

                          PART 3

                          Discussion topics:

                          Asking questions

                          Example questions:

                          • What kinds of organisation want to find out about people’s opinions?
                          • Do you think that questionnaires or surveys are good ways of finding out people’s opinions?
                          • What reasons might people have for not wanting to give their opinions?

                          Questionnaires in school

                          Example questions:

                          • Do you think it would be a good idea for schools to ask students their opinions about lessons?
                          • What would the advantages for schools be if they asked students their opinions?
                          • Would there be any disadvantages in asking students’ opinions?

                          Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test 1 part 1 model answers
                            • Model Answer: I have a decent familiarity with my neighbors. While we may not be extremely close, we have exchanged pleasantries and engaged in small talk on several occasions.
                              • Model Answer: I see my neighbors fairly regularly, mainly when we are both coming or going from our homes. However, our interactions are somewhat limited due to our differing schedules and lifestyles.
                                • Model Answer: Common problems that people might have with their neighbors include noise disturbances, property boundary disputes, disagreements over parking, pet-related issues, and differing lifestyles or habits.
                                  • Model Answer: Neighbors can support each other in various ways, such as keeping an eye on each other’s properties when one is away, lending a helping hand during times of need, sharing resources or tools, offering assistance with tasks or errands, and fostering a sense of community through social gatherings or neighborhood initiatives. These acts of kindness and cooperation can strengthen bonds and contribute to a harmonious living environment.
                                  Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test 1 part 2 model answers

                                  Notes:

                                  • Questionnaire/survey: Feedback on a new product
                                  • Purpose: Market research to improve product development
                                  • Opinions: Positive feedback on product features, suggestions for improvements
                                  • Feelings: Excited to contribute, valued as a consumer, eager to provide constructive feedback

                                  Response:

                                  I vividly recall a time when I was asked to give my opinion in a questionnaire or survey regarding a new product.

                                  The questionnaire was focused on gathering feedback from consumers about their experiences and opinions regarding the product. As a potential customer, I was asked to provide insights into various aspects of the product, including its features, usability, design, and overall satisfaction.

                                  I was asked to give my opinions because the company conducting the survey was seeking to improve its product development process and ensure that the final product met the needs and preferences of its target audience. By soliciting feedback from consumers like myself, the company aimed to identify strengths and weaknesses, gather suggestions for improvements, and make informed decisions about future iterations of the product.

                                  In the questionnaire, I provided my opinions based on my experiences with the product. I highlighted the features that I liked and found useful, as well as areas where I felt there was room for improvement. Additionally, I offered suggestions and recommendations for enhancing the product’s functionality, design, and user experience.

                                  Overall, I felt positive about giving my opinions in this questionnaire/survey. I appreciated the opportunity to contribute my insights and perspectives as a consumer. It made me feel valued and empowered to have a voice in shaping the development of a product that I may potentially use in the future. Moreover, I was eager to provide constructive feedback that could help the company improve its offerings and better meet the needs of its customers.

                                  Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test 1 part 3 model answers

                                  Asking Questions:

                                    • Various organizations, including businesses, government agencies, non-profit organizations, and academic institutions, are interested in understanding people’s opinions. Businesses conduct market research to gather feedback on products and services, while government agencies seek public opinion on policies and programs. Non-profits may survey stakeholders to assess needs and preferences, and academic institutions may conduct surveys for research purposes.
                                      • Yes, questionnaires and surveys are effective tools for gathering opinions as they allow for standardized data collection, scalability, and anonymity. They provide a structured format for asking specific questions and collecting quantitative or qualitative data from a large sample size. Additionally, they can be distributed electronically or in print, making them accessible to a diverse audience.
                                        • People may be reluctant to give their opinions due to concerns about privacy, fear of judgment or criticism, lack of trust in the organization conducting the survey, or feeling that their opinions won’t be valued or acted upon. Additionally, individuals may hesitate to share their opinions on sensitive or controversial topics, fearing repercussions or social stigma.

                                        Questionnaires in School:

                                        • Yes, it would be beneficial for schools to solicit students’ opinions about lessons as it fosters a student-centered approach to education. By actively involving students in the feedback process, schools can gain insights into teaching effectiveness, curriculum relevance, and student engagement. Moreover, involving students in decision-making empowers them, fosters a sense of ownership over their learning, and strengthens the teacher-student relationship.
                                          • Asking students for their opinions can help schools identify areas for improvement, tailor instruction to meet diverse learning needs, and enhance overall educational quality. It promotes student engagement and motivation, increases teacher accountability, and fosters a collaborative learning environment where students feel valued and supported. Moreover, soliciting student feedback cultivates critical thinking skills, communication skills, and self-awareness.
                                            • While there are numerous advantages to asking students’ opinions, there may also be potential drawbacks. Some students may provide superficial or unreliable feedback, and there could be challenges in ensuring the anonymity and confidentiality of responses. Additionally, addressing diverse opinions and balancing student input with educational objectives and constraints may require careful consideration and strategic planning by school administrators and educators.
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